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•	 NBIC is working with leading biofilm research 
centres across the UK, Europe, USA, Australia and 
Asia to support the development of international 
standardised biofilm test methods. The International 
Biofilm Standards Task Group (IBSTG), formed 
in 2020, guides the international development 
and acceptance of standardised biofilm models 
and test methods in healthcare, the natural and 
built environment and industry. IBSTG enables 
informed and consistent decision-making regarding 
international regulation of biofilm products.
•	 The Biofilm Alliance: A Network for Regulatory 
Science, Academic Research, and Industry 
Collaboration, brings together a core team from 
NBIC, Manchester Metropolitan University, Swansea 
University, and Industrial Microbiological Services 
Ltd. Funded by Innovate UK, this initiative aims to 
unite experts from academia, industry, metrology, 
regulatory bodies, and standardisation organisations 
to bridge the gap between cutting-edge biofilm 
research and effective regulation, to foster innovation 
in biofilm technologies through coordinated, cross-
sector engagement. 
•	 Participation in, and a seat on the management 
committee of the EU COST Action: Euro-MIC 
‘European Microbially Influenced Corrosion 
Network – New Paths for Science, Sustainability and 
Standards’. Recently, Dr Paulina Rakowska, NBIC’s 
Biofilm Standards and Regulatory Programme 
Manager, co‑authored a book chapter on 
“Standardization - What Is the Status of MIC? What 
Is Missing? And How Can We Improve It?”, published 
as part of the Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion: 
A Comprehensive Guide to Principles, Assessment 
and Mitigation (CRC Press, 2026), examining gaps in 
current standards and priorities for improvement.
•	 NBIC is playing a leading role in the EU COST Action 
‘RegulatoryToolBox: Building Consensus on Biofilm 
Regulatory Decision Making’, with Dr Paulina 
Rakowska, as Co-Chair of the Action. Many members 
of the NBIC consortium are also actively involved, 
holding key leadership positions across the initiative.
•	 Co‑organisation of sessions focused on biofilm 
standardisation at the 18th International 
Biodeterioration & Biodegradation Symposium 
(Montana, September 2021) and the 19th Symposium 
(Berlin, September 2024), and the workshop 
and industry consultation on “Advancing Biofilm 
Standards for Microbially Influenced Corrosion,” held 
at the UK’s National Physical Laboratory (February 
2025). 
•	 Dr Paulina Rakowska, is chairing the BSICH/216/-/3 
Committee on Biofilms and Products, which is 
developing a guideline on ‘Methodologies for 
Antibiofilm New Product Claims’.
•	 NBIC is actively participating in the European 
Committee for Standardization (CEN) TC 216 WG 5 
Strategy Group – Biofilm Task Force, concentrated 
on exploring possible new areas of standardisation 
work.
•	 NBIC is providing input to biofilm standards under 
the Association for Materials Protection and 
Performance (AMPP), currently working on three 
biofilm-related standards in the fields of biocides, 
oil and gas systems and microbiologically influenced 
corrosion.
•	 Research collaborations with the UK’s National 
Measurement System institutes include:
1.	 The development of biofilm reference materials, 
with the international life sciences measurement 
and tools company LGC, funded by NBIC’s PoC 4. 
2.	 Collaboration with the National Institute for 
Biological Standards and Control, part of the 
Medicines and Health Regulatory Agency, on the 
development of biofilm preservation technologies.
3.	 Piloting the development of reproducible biofilm 
models and analytical methods in collaboration 
with the National Physical Laboratory.
•	 Building awareness of biofilm standardisation 
through presentations and posters at conferences.
•	 Further, the Biofilm Alliance Forum - a cross‑sector 
event, held in July 2025 in Manchester, was delivered 
to consider biofilm methods, regulatory challenges, 
and emerging priorities across industries, providing 
further evidence to inform future regulatory and 
standards‑related activity.
•	 Influencing policy:
1.	 In October 2022, NBIC’s CEO, Professor Jo Slater-
Jefferies, presented to the (then) House of 
Commons Science and Technology Committee 
and In July 2025, NBIC Edinburgh Co-Director, 
Professor Cait MacPhee, returned to the 
Committee as part of its ‘Under the Microscope’ 
inquiry. Regulation was discussed at both sessions. 
More information can be found in the Policy 
section on page 44.
2.	 NBIC has published a position paper, 
recommending actions for funders, 
standardisation organisations and regulators 
that would support and enable the academic and 
industry communities in pursuing standardisation 
initiatives.
NBIC is establishing networks and collaborations and engaging in a variety of initiatives 
and research projects with the aim of supporting academic and industry communities in 
developing biofilm standards and influencing regulations:

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