External Image Credits
Front cover: ‘Making Waves’. This image 
captures Salmonella enterica adapting to life 
within a biofilm. Over successive generations, 
genetic changes ripple through the population, 
leading to more structured, resilient, and visually 
distinct biofilm patterns. This photograph 
highlights the dynamic beauty of bacterial 
evolution and the complexity that underlies 
even the simplest forms of life. Image by 
Eleftheria Trampari, Quadram Institute.
Page 14: ‘‘A Golden Matrix’. A golden 
outreaching bacterial community with glistening 
tendrils. An overgrown bacterial culture 
grown on a Petri dish. Image by Chris Daniel, 
Birkbeck College - University of London.
Page 15: ‘Branching Out – pathways to survival’. 
A biofilm macrocolony formed by a curli deficient 
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, 
stained using Ebbabiolight 680 optotracer. 
The image was taken on a Deltavision Elite 
microscope with widefield and phase contrast 
microscopy on a 10x objective, and altered 
using FIJI, with changes to the LUT, as well as 
brightness and contrast. Image by Ho Yu Liu 
and James Lazenby, Quadram Institute.
Pages 18-26: Credit and description 
as noted below images. 
Page 27: ‘Release the spores!’ False coloured 
SEM micrograph of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, 
and C. albicans polymicrobial biofilms grown 
on synthetic cystic fibrosis sputum media 
under anaerobic conditions. Image by Brogan 
Richards, University of Nottingham.
Page 30: ‘Green Eyes (Microbial Orbes)’. When the 
photographer took a sample of their Trichormus 
variabilis (cyanobacteria) biofilm to perform an 
experiment, the mechanical action of their loop 
created those beautiful orbe-like spirals made out 
of long bacterial filaments. The photographer felt 
like those structures were “looking back at them” 
when they observed them under the microscope, 
which the photographer thought was a fun 
sort-of revenge from the microbial world. Image 
by Edwin Rodriguez, University of Edinburgh.
Pages 51-54: Credit and description 
as noted below images. 
Page 55: ‘Biofilm Bonsai’. SEM image showing 
biofilm formation within an in vitro gut model, 
the MiGut, after 4 days. Biofilm was grown 
on a bioresin scaffold with a honeycomb 
pattern. The biofilm developing on the scaffold 
organises into a bonsai-like structure, shaped 
by gut microbial species. Image by Emily 
Dewhurst, Serena Berberolli, Anthony Buckley 
and William Davis Birch, University of Leeds.
Resources
NBIC PUBLICATIONS  
AND REPORTS
NBIC EDUCATIONAL 
RESOURCES
59

View this content as a flipbook by clicking here.